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Detectors that combine the capabilities of bubble, foam, and level detectors; they typically consist of electronic units using non-contact ultrasonic sensors. These detectors are intended to detect when blood has abnormally low or high level and/or there are air bubbles or foam in the blood that is returned to the body through a venipuncture. Air bubble/foam/fluid level detectors are used mainly in extracorporeal circulation devices such as heart-lung bypass, hemodialysis, and apheresis units. They usually trigger alarms and activate automated mechanisms to turn off the blood flow when an abnormal fluid level occurs.
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