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Deviation from the normal quantity of base excess, defined as the amount of strong acid (in millimoles per liter) that needs to be added in vitro to 1 liter of fully oxygenated whole blood to return a blood sample to standard conditions (pH of 7.40, Pco2 of 40 mm Hg, and temperature of 37 degrees C). [PMID:30067929]
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