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A nanoparticle-based formulation composed of a non-viral plasmid DNA vector encoding the human pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) encapsulated in a biodegradable, biocompatible lipoplex composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyethylenimine (PEI), and cholesterol, with potential immuno-activating and antineoplastic activities. Upon intraperitoneal (IP) delivery of the PEG-PEI-cholesterol lipopolymer-encased IL-12 DNA plasmid vector GEN-1, the lipoplex is endocytosed by nearby cells, and the plasmid DNA is transported into the nucleus, which leads to local expression of IL-12. In turn, the increased IL-12 production at the tumor site activates the immune system by promoting the activation of natural killer cells (NKs), inducing secretion of interferon-gamma (IFN-g) and promoting cytotoxic T-cell responses against tumor cells. Check for \'https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/clinical-trials/intervention/C49178\' active clinical trials using this agent. (\'http://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI%20Thesaurus&code=C49178\' NCI Thesaurus)
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