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Freezers with a front-opening (upright) configuration designed to store blood bank products and samples at temperatures below -65 degrees Celsius (-82 degrees Fahrenheit); the freezer temperature is frequently set at values lower than minimum requirements, typically between -80 and -100 degrees Celsius (-112 and -148 degrees Fahrenheit). These freezers are usually made with a corrosion-resistant (typically stainless steel) interior, minimizing the risk of adulteration, contamination, and/or corrosion of contents; they typically provide linear and/or controlled rate capabilities for a controlled rate of freezing, minimizing the effects of sudden cooling on red blood cells (RBCs). Blood bank ultralow temperature freezers include automatic defrost capability, keeping the temperature in all the freezing chambers within preestablished limits during the process; they also include sensors, controls, monitors, chart recorders, and alarms for dependable long-term storage following blood storage standards. Ultralow temperature blood bank freezers permit the storage of blood bank products for an extended period (typically several years); they are frequently used for preservation of products such as RBCs with cryoprotective agents such as glycerol at 40% or dimethyl sulfoxide and for long-term preservation of plasma.
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