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  • Hand prostheses operated by electrical power and designed for partial functional and cosmetic replacement of a missing hand. These prostheses are typically external devices that resemble a natural hand and that may include totally or partially implantable components. They are made of metal (e.g., cobalt-chromium alloys), hard plastics (e.g., polyethylene), carbon fibers, or a combination of materials; the prostheses are usually fixed with a socket to the wrist and require some degree of customization. Electrically powered hand prostheses incorporate small electrical motors and manual electrical switches to control the hand movements. They may be used alone as a replacement for a lost hand or as the terminal component of a below-the-elbow, above-the-elbow, or total upper limb prosthesis in patients who have congenital abnormalities or who suffered amputations due to illness (e.g., diabetes) or traumatic accidents. Electric powered hand prostheses controlled by bioelectrical signals from muscle contraction (i.e., myoelectric) are also available.
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