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  • Upper limb prostheses designed for cosmetic and partial functional (e.g., rotation, flexion) replacement of a missing limb amputated below the elbow articulation. These prostheses typically consist of external devices with an assembly of a wrist and a terminal (e.g., hand, hook) component that is attached at the proximal end with a socket to the residual limb or another prosthetic device (i.e., forearm replacement). They may also include totally or partially implantable components (e.g., sensors, electrodes). The wrist component usually includes a metal ring-shaped mechanism that can provide rotational and flexion movements and locking positions to the terminal (e.g., hand, hook) component. The prostheses may be mechanically operated (e.g., using cables and springs), electrically powered (e.g., using motors and switches), or triggered by the electrical signals produced by muscle contractions (i.e., myoelectric). Below-the-elbow prostheses are available in a great variety of configurations and sizes; they are used mainly in patients who have congenital abnormalities or who suffered amputations due to illness (e.g., diabetes) or traumatic accidents.
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