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  • Upper limb prostheses designed for partial functional (e.g., rotation, flexion) replacement of the elbow articulation above the elbow. These prostheses typically consist of external devices with a metal, hinged, yoke-like mechanism that can provide rotational and flexion movements and several locking positions; they may also include totally or partially implantable components (e.g., sensors, electrodes). Elbow component prostheses can be attached at the proximal end with a socket to the residual limb (i.e., the humerus) or to another prosthetic device (e.g., a tube) and at the distal end to a tubular device (i.e., forearm replacement) that is, in turn, attached to a wrist prosthesis and a terminal device (e.g., hand, hook). The prostheses may be mechanically operated (e.g., using cables and springs) electrically powered (e.g., using motors and switches), or triggered by the electrical signals produced by muscle contractions (i.e., myoelectric). Elbow prostheses are available in a great variety of configurations and sizes; they must be used as a component of an above-the-elbow or total upper limb prosthesis. Upper limb elbow prostheses are used mainly in patients who have congenital abnormalities or who suffered amputations due to illness (e.g., diabetes) or traumatic accidents.
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