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  • Prostheses designed for total or partial replacement of a missing lower limb. These prostheses typically consist of external devices with one or more components that are fixed with a socket to the residual limb to replace the lost parts; the prostheses may include totally or partially implantable components (e.g., sensors, electrodes). Lower limb prostheses usually require some degree of customization; they are typically made of metal (e.g., cobalt-chromium alloys), hard plastics (e.g., polyethylene), carbon fibers, or a combination of materials. The main components of lower limb prostheses are feet, ankles, knees, and hips; they may include devices such as cables, straps, sockets, and pylons. Partial lower limb prostheses may consist of a single component (e.g., foot) or several components (e.g., foot, ankle, knee) combined as partial prostheses according to the level of amputation, while total replacement prostheses include all components for the complete replacement of the limb. Passive, mechanical, and patient-actuated lower limb prostheses are available; they are used mainly in patients who have congenital abnormalities or who suffered amputations due to illness (e.g., diabetes) or traumatic accidents.
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