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  • Lower limb prostheses designed for partial functional (e.g., rotation, flexion) replacement of a missing limb above the knee articulation. These prostheses typically consist of external or partially implantable devices including knee, ankle, and foot components; the knee and ankle components provide flexion (i.e., acting as a hinge) and some degree of internal and external rotation movements and locking positions at the distal end; some prostheses include hydraulic devices and/or microprocessors to regulate knee movements. They are usually attached at the proximal end with a socket to the residual limb (i.e., the femur) or another prosthetic device (e.g., a tube resembling the femur). Above-the-knee lower limb prostheses are available in a great variety of configurations and sizes; they are used mainly in patients who suffered amputations due to illness (e.g., diabetes) or traumatic accidents or, less frequently, in patients who have congenital abnormalities.
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