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  • Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is an immune-mediated, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP). Condition commonly follows a viral or mycoplasmal illness affecting the upper respiratory or alimentary tracts. Other antecedent events include certain vaccinations. Immune responses directed toward the infecting organisms likely cross-react with neural tissues including Schwann cell surface membrane (resulting in AIDP) or axonal membrane (acute axonal forms). GBS is usually characterized by: weakness or paralysis affecting more than one limb, usually symmetrically; loss of tendon reflexes; and increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein without pleocytosis. Other features may include: motor and sensory involvement; facial or cranial nerve involvement; and electrophysiologic evidence of demyelination. Acute form of GBS has a typically rapid evolution from hours to days, usually reaching maximum level of weakness within four weeks. Condition is classified as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) if patient\'s symptoms continue to progress beyond 4 weeks, or relapses occur. Peak disability in CIDP usually occurs in two months.
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