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Devices designed to allow the preparation, compounding, and/or administration of potentially hazardous drugs (e.g., antineoplastic drugs, antiviral drugs, bioengineered drugs) while prohibiting (1) the escape of the hazardous drug or hazardous drug-derived vapors into the environment and (2) the transfer of environmental contaminants into the closed system. Closed system transfer devices of two basic designs exist: (1) devices that prevent air exchange between the environment and the closed-system by equalizing the pressure between the medication-containing vial and the medication receiving/diluent delivering vessel (e.g., syringe) and (2) devices that use a mechanical filtration system to cleanse any air exchanged between the closed system and the environment. Closed system transfer devices are intended to minimize the exposure of individuals, healthcare workers, and the environment to hazardous drugs while preventing drug contamination.
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