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Upper-gastrointestinal-tract endoscopes designed to access, examine, diagnose, and/or treat the upper gastrointestinal tract (usually the stomach and/or esophagus) using video cameras and ultrasonic probes. These endoscopes usually consist of an outer (plastic or metal) sheath, a lighting system (e.g., fiber optics), a video camera at the distal tip, an ultrasonic probe with appropriate transducers, and a working channel through which catheters and operative devices are introduced. Gastrointestinal-upper-tract video/ultrasonic endoscopes are usually flexible devices intended for visual evaluation of the stomach (e.g., esophageal varices, gastric and/or esophageal lesions) and further assessment using ultrasound scanning (including Doppler techniques).
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