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Aerobic cyclic exercisers designed to provide exercise by facilitating rotary movements of the arms or the legs. These cyclers can be stand-alone portable machines with pedals that can be moved either by the hands or by the feet or upper body cyclic machines consisting of a removable seat, pivot crank arms, handgrips, and a drive system. They are usually self-powered devices that enable bidirectional cycling. Cycler exercisers usually are capable of changing resistance levels; some have a monitor to display the workout time, distance, speed, calories burned, and heart rate. Upper/lower limb cycler exercisers are intended to increase cardiovascular endurance by keeping the heart and pulmonary rate elevated for a continuous period of time; they may provide additional muscular strength and endurance to the muscle groups in the upper (arms, shoulders, neck, back, wrists, and elbows) or lower (quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteus muscles, hip flexors, and calves) limbs. They are used mainly by patients with limited limb functions for training and/or rehabilitation.
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