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Stationary bicycle exercisers designed to simulate the motions of riding a bicycle with the user sitting in an upright position. These exercisers are usually self-powered devices; they may use friction belts or wheels, magnets, fans, or hydraulics to increase resistance. Some stationary bicycles may include a motor that can regulate speed. Seats are usually adjustable, while the rider is in an upright position. The bicycles usually include workout program modes that can adjust resistance, a monitor to display the workout time, distance, speed, calories burned, and heart rate; and adjustable handlebars with grip pulse sensors; some bicycles also have heart-rate control tools that can adjust the resistance level to suit the targeted heart rate. Upright bicycles are intended to increase cardiovascular endurance by keeping the heart and pulmonary rate elevated for a continuous period of time. Additionally, they provide strength and endurance to the lower-limb muscles (e.g., quadriceps, hamstrings, calves, gluteus).
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