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  • Hemodialysis units designed for the intermittent replacement of the main activity of the kidneys by removing large amounts of water and wastes in short periods of time (usually over 2 to 4 hours, 3 to 5 times a week). Blood is removed via an extracorporeal circuit (typically from an arteriovenous shunt or indwelling central venous catheter); passed through an extracorporeal dialyzer that allows the transfer of substances by diffusion and convection to decrease biochemical abnormalities as well as fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base imbalances; and returned to the patient. These machines consist of three main components: a dialysate delivery system that prepares the dialysate solution and delivers it to the dialyzer; the extracorporeal blood-delivery circuit that circulates a portion of the patient\'s blood through the dialyzer and returns it to the patient; and a disposable, typically hollow-fiber dialyzer, in which solute exchange takes place. Each component has its own monitoring and control circuits. Intermittent renal hemodialysis units are intended for intermittent chronic partial replacement of renal functions in patients with impaired renal function, such as those with end-stage renal disease.
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