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  • Eyelids maintain health of underlying eye by protecting cornea and assist in distribution and elimination of tears. Eyelid structure: anterior layer of skin and orbicularis oculi muscle; posterior layer of tarsus and conjunctiva; orbicularis oculi muscles (innervated by CN VII) closes eyelid; upper eyelid is raised by levator muscle (innervated by CN III) and Mueller\'s muscle; orbital septum - originating from orbital rim - inserts into upper lid and lower lid; septum limits spread of eyelid bleeding or infection to posterior orbital structures. Glands along eyelid margin contribute to lipid component of tears; may become inflamed; meibomian glands lie within tarsus; pilosebaceous glands of Zeiss and apocrine glands of Moll are anterior to meibomian glands within distal eyelid margin. Problems that can afflict eyelids: neoplasms; inflammation and infection; and structural problems (e.g., ectropion). Most eyelid disorders do not threaten vision but may produce irritative symptoms (burning, foreign body sensation or pain). Blepharitis (eyelid inflammation) is characterized by erythematous eyelids with debris accumulation along eyelid margin.
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