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  • Osteonecrosis occurs as a result of compromise to the blood supply to bone. Hip (femoral head) is a common location, but other bones can also be affected. Two main forms: traumatic (more common, due to direct injury and damage of blood supply) and non-traumatic. Non-traumatic form is associated with several risk factors/conditions including corticosteroid use, alcohol abuse, sickle cell anemia, Gaucher disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, coagulopathies, hyperlipidemia, organ transplantation, caisson disease, thyroid disorders and genetic factors; some cases are idiopathic.Symptoms of osteonecrosis of the femoral head: groin pain (occasionally buttock pain; deep, throbbing and worsens upon walking); and \'catching\' or popping sensation with motion. Physical examination: pain with range of motion and walking; limitation of internal rotation; Trendelenburg gait often present; plain radiographs of hip are often normal. Osteonecrosis of jaw (ONJ): associated with use of biphosphonates; typically occurs in the setting of recent dental surgery; signs and symptoms include pain, tooth mobility, mucosal swelling, erythema and ulceration.
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