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Physiologic monitors designed primarily for automated periodic and/or quasi-continuous real-time measuring and display of two or more of the vital signs (e.g., noninvasive blood pressure, temperature, heart rate) and oxygen saturation in the blood (SpO2); many devices may also perform continuous monitoring during transportation or at the bedside. These monitors typically consist of portable or mobile electronic units that facilitate movement from one location to other; the monitor may be connected to the line and/or powered by internal batteries. The main unit includes controls and a display; it also includes appropriate attached probes and sensors that make possible sequential and/or simultaneous measurements of the parameters. Noninvasive blood pressure (NIBP) is usually measured using cuffs and either auscultatory or oscillometric techniques; the measurement of temperature is typically accomplished using an intraoral sensor, and SpO2 is determined using pulse oximetry sensors. Vital signs physiologic monitors are intended mainly for periodic automated measuring of the parameters of one or more patients. Some monitors have additional capabilities (e.g., recording, alarm, printing). Some vital signs monitors are designed specifically for use in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) environments (i.e., MRI-compatible anesthesia units) and are made from nonmagnetic materials so that they can be safely used in an MRI suite. Dedicated physiologic monitors that can provide electrocardiographic waveforms and/or invasive measurements such as invasive blood pressure measurements are not usually considered vital signs monitors.
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