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  • Image-guided stereotactic computer-aided surgical systems designed to aid in the performance of minimally invasive neurosurgical intracranial procedures by combining medical imaging, dedicated computer software, and surgical instrument tracking systems for guidance. The systems provide surgeons with real-time, three-dimensional (3-D) positioning and orientation of surgical instruments relative to the patient\'s anatomy on a video display during the intracranial surgery without requiring the use of an endoscope. One or more imaging modalities, such as computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may be used in the procedure. Intracranial neurosurgery image-guided systems are used in a variety of surgical procedures, including craniotomies, resection of tumors and other lesions, removal of foreign objects, transnasal procedures, shunt placement, craniofacial procedures, skull and orbital cavity reconstruction. They may be used also for biopsies, puncture of abscesses, and deep brain stimulation.
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