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  • Stereotactic computer-aided surgical systems designed to aid in the performance of minimally invasive procedures by combining medical imaging, dedicated computer software, and instrument tracking systems for guidance. The systems provide real-time, three-dimensional (3-D) positioning and orientation of instruments relative to the patient\'s anatomy on a video display during surgery without requiring the use of an endoscope. Image-guided stereotactic systems work in a similar way to global positions systems (GPS) applied to the human body. They provide medical images that show the location of the instruments in real time during the procedure, and one or more imaging modalities, such as computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may be used in the procedure. Dedicated image-guided stereotactic systems intended for particular procedures such as neurosurgery, cardiac mapping and ablation, mammographic biopsy, and cranial, spinal, orthopedic, and laryngological surgery procedures are available. Image-guided systems intended to facilitate radiosurgical procedures from the exterior of the body are also available.
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