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  • Imageless stereotactic computer-aided surgical systems designed to aid in the performance of minimally invasive orthopedic procedures. These systems use a navigation system that is not guided by images (i.e., imageless) but by registering and tracking appropriate anatomic reference points (i.e., landmarks). Orthopedic imageless systems provide surgeons with real-time, three-dimensional (3-D) positioning and orientation of surgical instruments relative to the patient\'s anatomy similar to the systems that use image-guiding. These systems also provide surgical guidance without the need for pre- or intra-operative image acquisition, though registration is still necessary. Navigation is achieved by selecting specific anatomical parts or bone-implanted tracker pins intra-operatively as landmarks and using a reference pointer to create a reference frame for the computer model. Orthopedic imageless stereotactic surgery systems are used in several surgical procedures, including knee and hip arthroplasty; some systems include software capabilities to make possible imageless spinal trauma procedures.
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