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  • refers to groups of cells located within or adjacent to the lateral lemniscus in the pontine tegmentum. In the human ( Carpenter-1983 ) and the macaque ( Amunts-2012 ) they include a dorsal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and a ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. Some authors identify also a frontal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus in the human; it is located more rostrally at the level of the red nucleus in the midbrain tegmentum ( Crosby-1962 ). In the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Dong-2004 ) the structures include, between the dorsal and ventral nuclei, a narrow horizontal nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. Some authors subdivide the ventral nucleus of the rat ( Paxinos-2009b ) and the mouse ( Franklin-2008 ) into an intermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and a ventral nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (Paxinos). Functionally the nuclei of the lateral lemniscus are part of the subcortical auditory system ( Swanson-2004 ).
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