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Electromyography (EMG) neurological monitors designed to continuously identify, measure, and display the electrical potentials generated by muscle fibers (i.e., electromyographic) from several nerve-muscle combinations during surgical procedures. These monitors typically consist of a computerized central unit (including controls and a display showing the EMG potential waveforms) and detachable surface or needle electrodes placed on or in a group of muscles related to a common nerve. The monitor continuously assesses the EMG muscular activity through the electrodes which provides visual and/or sound alarms to warn the surgeon when the nerve is stimulated. Both monopolar and bipolar probes may be used to stimulate the muscles prior to the surgical procedure for nerve identification and nerve function assessment. Intraoperative EMG monitors are used to help in the reduction of nerve damage during otolaryngology and other surgical procedures.
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