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Infusion pumps including syringe mechanisms that are designed for use only in administering anesthesia, usually through intravenous (IV) routes at pre-established accurate flow rates (e.g., 0.1 ml/hour). These pumps usually consist of a syringe, a motor that drives a screw or gear mechanism to advance either the plunger or barrel of the syringe at a predetermined rate, electronic controls used to select the dose or volume to be infused, and audible and/or visual alarms to indicate abnormal conditions. In most pumps, the syringe containing the infusate must be manually replaced once it has emptied in order to continue the infusion. Some pumps (known as \'smart pumps\') include software capable of detecting medication administration errors (i.e., dose error reduction systems) are also available. Some units have over-dosing protocols based on pharmacokinetic profiling (e.g., rate is tailored to a target bloodstream level). Anesthesia syringe pumps are used mainly in surgical and special procedures (e.g., catheterization) areas in hospitals and other healthcare facilities. Anesthesia syringe pumps are used mainly in surgical and special procedures (e.g., catheterization) areas in hospitals and other healthcare facilities.
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