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  • Pneumatic tourniquets designed to constrict/compress circumferentially an extremity for a limited period of time to control venous and arterial bleeding (i.e., hemorrhage) in emergency situations, frequently intended for self-application using only one hand. The pressure is applied all-around upon the limb surface and underlying tissues using the cuff; pressure is then transferred to the blood vessels causing a temporary occlusion. These tourniquets typically consist of an inflatable cuff, a hand pump (e.g., a rubber bulb), and some means for easy and quick self-fixing (e.g., clips, self-adhesive bands, built-in ratchets) around the affected limb usually using only one hand. Emergency/self-application pneumatic tourniquets are used mainly in the field by people subject to high risk of injuries, such as policemen, firemen, and members of the armed forces during combat. They may be also used by paramedics and/or other trained personnel during emergency situations including traumatic accidents, natural disasters, riots, and war.
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