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  • Pneumatic tourniquets designed to circumferentially constrict/compress an extremity for a limited period of time by applying a precise amount of pressure using a manually air-inflated cuff. The pressure is applied upon the limb surface and underlying tissues using the cuff; pressure is then transferred to the blood vessels causing a temporary occlusion. The pressure applied should be at least equal or higher than the minimum required to occlude the blood flow (i.e., limb occlusion pressure [LOP]). These tourniquets typically include an inflatable cuff, a hand pump (e.g., a rubber bulb) or, less frequently, a compressed gas cartridge, and an integral manometer. Manual pneumatic tourniquets are used mainly during emergency situations to control hemorrhage and for amputations, but they may be also used during surgical procedures on the extremities to provide bloodless operative fields when automated tourniquets are not available or their operation is not possible for other causes.
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