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  • Functional wrist-hand upper-limb orthoses using power sources (usually electric) and powered mechanisms that are designed to make possible and/or improve the functional activities of the wrist joint and hand. These orthoses typically consist of prefabricated devices including a semi-rigid cuff or sleeve fixed at the forearm using one or more straps, soft pads or bands fixed on the hand, and a battery powered motor and mechanism that allows the hand to close in several discrete positions. The mechanism is also used to pinch objects. Wrist-hand powered orthoses used for daily activities such as feeding, grooming, and writing by patients with paralysis or severe weakness of the hand and wrist muscles (e.g., after polio, brachial plexus injuries, stroke, quadriplegics). They are usually operated using switches (i.e., autonomous) but some orthoses controlled by bioelectric muscular (i.e., myoelectric) signals are also available.
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