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Upper-limb orthoses designed for external modification of the structural and/or functional characteristics of the wrist joint and the hand, providing motion control or total immobilization to the wrist and support to the wrist and hand. These orthoses are usually classified according to the function of the orthoses (e.g., therapeutic, functional) and the physical characteristics (e.g., shape, consistency) and/or material used to make the orthoses (metal, plastics or a combination of these). Wrist-hand upper-limb orthoses may consist of soft orthoses (e.g., a combination of cuffs, straps, and flexible mechanisms) that are intended to provide limited support and stabilization or semi-rigid orthoses that can provide a high degree or total immobilization of the wrist joint and hand. Wrist-hand orthoses are intended mainly to provide motion control of the wrist movements and/or to avoid pain after injuries or trauma. Dedicated wrist orthoses for static and/or dynamic therapy, and for use during normal daily activities (i.e., functional) are also available.
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