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Therapeutic upper-limb orthoses designed for external modification of the structural and/or functional characteristics of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints. These orthoses are prefabricated or, more frequently, custom-made when long-term use is needed. They usually include bands, cuffs, joints, pads, and other components (including sub-axillary mechanisms) that are placed around the upper limb and also encircling the trunk of the user. Shoulder-elbow-wrist orthoses (also known as shoulder stabilizers and airplane orthoses) provide support and motion control to the joints; they are intended to protect and prevent contractures of soft tissues after surgery (e.g., rotator cuff), injuries, trauma, and/or axillary burns.
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