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Upper-limb orthoses designed for external modification of the structural and/or functional characteristics of the complete limb, to provide immobilization and/or support. These orthoses are prefabricated or custom-made devices consisting of rigid or semi-rigid malleable metal (e.g., aluminum, stainless steel) structures (e.g., supports, restraints) that may include elastic fabric bands that encircle the upper limb at a particular area. Total upper-limb orthoses are frequently intended for treatment of deformities and injuries after trauma. Dedicated orthoses intended for static or dynamic therapy that are used for immobilization, alignment, or support, treatment (e.g., deformity, trauma, arthritis), or for long-term functional assistance are also available. Some upper-limb total orthoses may use power provided by other muscles of the body or by external (e.g., electric) power.
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