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Cervical spine immobilizer orthoses designed to encircle the neck (e.g., rigid collars) for maximum restriction of movements and/or total immobilization of the cervical segment of the spine; they usually include some head control components. These orthoses usually consist of rigid (prefabricated or, less frequently, custom-made) collars made of light metallic or hard plastic radiolucent materials. Rigid collar cervical spine immobilizers restrict head, neck, and cervical spine anterior-posterior motion to a great degree but allow some rotation and lateral bending. They are used for emergency stabilization of injured patients and for long-term care of patients after injuries or surgery. Dedicated rigid and semi-rigid collars intended for immobilizations of the cervical spine are also available (e.g., Philadelphia Cervical Collar, Miami J-Style and Aspen Cervical orthoses, and Malibu cervical brace).
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