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  • Gamma counters designed to detect and measure localized gamma radiation from human body tissues during surgical procedures (i.e., intraoperative) after the ingestion or injection of a radiopharmaceutical tracer (i.e., radioactive drug). These counters usually consist of a central, usually portable, unit that includes controls to adjust unit settings, a display that shows the number of gamma photons detected (i.e., the events) in a short period of time simultaneously with audible signals, an indicator that shows the selected isotope, and a battery. The instrument also includes dedicated detachable gamma radiation detection probes intended for particular areas of the body (e.g., neck, head, thorax). Probes (with angled or straight tips) that are intended to perform lymphatic mapping are also available. Intraoperative gamma counters are mainly used to measure the quantity of radionuclides absorbed for particular tissues and organs during open surgery and, less frequently, during laparoscopic procedures; the instruments may be used also in intra-surgical sentinel-node mapping procedures.
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