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  • Immunology reagents used in immunologic tests to identify cell surface markers expressed by leukocytes and used to distinguish cell lineages, developmental stages, and functional subsets. Such markers are named cluster designation antigens and numbered CD1, CD2, etc. These reagents include chemical and immunological homogeneous antibodies (monoclonal antibodies) produced by the fusion of normal lymphocytes and tumor cells (hybridomas). These monoclonal antibodies are used to tag monoclonal cells so that they can be counted (e.g., using flow cytometers). Monoclonal cells are typically found in lymphoid neoplasms (i.e., lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoma), which are the product of a single transformed lymphocyte. They are also found in some myeloid neoplasms.
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