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  • Immunoassay reagents intended to perform qualitative and/or quantitative analyses on a body fluid sample (typically urine) to determine cocaine, an alkaloid found in the leaves of the coca plant, and/or cocaine metabolites. Cocaine is a potent central nervous system stimulator that has therapeutic use as a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor; it produces a state of euphoria and alertness creating a high potential for abuse. Cocaine is mostly consumed by nasal insufflation (snorting) as cocaine hydrochloride; it may also be smoked as a free base (crack). Reagents designed to screen urine samples for cocaine usually measure inactive cocaine metabolites, typically benzoylecgonine or ecgonine methyl ester, since only small amounts of cocaine are excreted in the urine. Cocaine metabolites can be detected in urine samples for one to three days after casual use; habitual users may remain positive for more than a month.
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