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Immunoassay reagents intended to perform qualitative and/or quantitative analyses on a body fluid sample (typically serum) to determine dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and/or total testosterone, the two main circulating androgens in men. Both testosterone and DHT circulate in plasma either freely (typically less than 3%) or bound to plasma proteins (e.g., tightly bound to sex hormone binding globulin, weakly bound to albumin). Testosterone is a sex steroid vital for human reproduction; lack or low levels of testosterone during fetal, prepubertal, and postpubertal life affect the normal male reproductive function, producing diseases such as male infertility and growth of glandular breast tissue (gynecomastia) in male adults.
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