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Laminar air flow clean rooms designed for use in clinical pharmacies. These clean rooms typically provide a very low particle content environment; class 100 or better (ISO 5 or less) are typical, which reduces airborne bacteria in the pharmacy clean room. The laminar flow may be either vertical (e.g., from the ceiling down to and around the site of preparation of medications) or, less frequently, horizontal at the preparation area, distorted only by objects (e.g., surgical lamps) and staff in the flow pathway. The staff has to use appropriate clothing and follow a set of rules in order to work without affecting the air flow pattern. Medications are usually separated in different colored bins; wash stations and machinery housed in these rooms are used in the manufacturing of particular drugs. Pharmaceutical laminar air flow rooms are mainly intended to provide a low-pollutant level environment for storage, handling, and manufacturing of particular medications, toxic agents, total parenteral nutrition, and intravenous solutions including antibiotics and/or analgesics. They are also used for mixing antineoplastic or chemotherapeutic drugs.
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