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Trocars designed for use in puncturing the thoracic wall in order to provide access to the heart and the central circulatory system. These instruments typically consist of a manual, handheld device with a sharp pyramidal or conical strong and pointed rod at the distal end and a proximal large handle. Cardiovascular trocars are usually fitted into a cannula or sleeve; the trocar is used to pierce the skin and the thoracic cavity wall (i.e., percutaneously) and then it is usually removed, leaving the cannula or sleeve in place. Cardiovascular thoracic trocars are used in the treatment of cardiac tamponade and other cardiovascular diseases. Dedicated trocars are used in minimal-access surgery to provide access for introduction of devices such as surgical instruments.
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