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Simulators designed for training in endoscopic diagnostic and therapeutic procedures performed in the gastrointestinal tract (GI). These simulators typically include whole body human anatomic models made of plastics, metal, or a combination of these that resemble the characteristics of the upper and/or lower GI. The anatomic models are capable of simulating lesions, peristaltic movements, and bleeding. The simulators also include a main control unit with dedicated software that permits both training and recording of the endoscopic procedure in real time. The equipment simulates the conditions for endoscopic procedures by providing access to entrances in the anatomic models resembling the GI tract natural openings (i.e., mouth and anus) permitting the use of endoscopes, surgical instruments, cameras as well as the external use of video monitors. GI endoscopic training simulators may include (as integral parts or attached modules) accessories intended for training in particular procedures such as examination, biopsy, treatment, and excision of abnormal tissues.
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