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Simulators designed for training in endoscopic diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. These simulators typically include an anatomic model resembling the characteristics of a body part and the associated natural anatomic tracts (e.g., gastrointestinal, airways, urinary). The anatomic model is typically made of plastics, metal, or a combination of these. The simulator also includes the instruments, supplies, and other devices needed to perform the intended procedure. The device simulates the conditions for endoscopic procedures by providing access to entrances in the anatomic models resembling the natural openings and internal tracts, permitting the use of endoscopes, endoscopic resectoscopes, surgical instruments, and cameras, as well as the external use of video monitors. Most endoscopic simulators are computerized and include a central unit with dedicated software that permits both training following a given program and recording of the simulated endoscopic procedure in real time. Endoscopic training simulators may include (as integral parts or attached modules) accessories intended for training in particular endoscopic procedures, such as suturing, polyp resection, biopsy, and other interventional endoscopic procedures.
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