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Fermenters/bioreactors designed for use in cell culture procedures to provide optimum conditions for cell fermentation processes (e.g., culture) under controlled, frequently anaerobic, conditions. This equipment typically consist of a main unit (also known as a bioreactor) and a reusable fermentation chamber. The main unit is an electromechanical apparatus with a mechanism (e.g., stirring, shaking, rotatory) that gently provides movement to the fermenter chamber (vessel) containing the fragile cells; the unit also includes process measuring and control devices (e.g., dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, pH, foam level). Some equipment may also include other devices, such as pumps, mixing devices, and filters. Cell culture fermenters/bioreactors may also provide in-situ sterilization options for the fermentation chamber. Dedicated equipment that works using single-use (i.e., disposable) fermentation chambers is also available. Cell culture fermenters/bioreactors are used for laboratory fermentation procedures mostly performed in plant, insect, and mammal cells.
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