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  • Electrodes, usually metallic, designed to transmit bioelectric signals from the heart and/or to apply electrical stimuli to the heart. Dedicated cardiac electrodes may perform one of more of the following tasks: 1) detect and transmit bioelectric heart signals for measuring, recording, and/or monitoring the cardiac rhythm (i.e., electrocardiography); 2) deliver periodic electric signals for cardiac pacing; 3) provide a cardiac shock (e.g., defibrillation, resynchronization); 4) perform electrophysiology studies, and (5) permit controlled ablation of the cardiac muscle. Cardiac electrodes, both reusable and single-use (i.e., disposable), may come in a variety of configurations, including those intended for transcutaneous (also known as skin or superficial electrodes) use and transesophageal or transvenous insertion. Implantable and catheter mounted cardiac electrodes are available; usually as integral components of leads and catheters respectively.
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