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  • Solutions formulated to fill catheter lumens when not in active use (i.e., catheter lock). These solutions help maintain patency, remove bacteria, and avoid clot formation. They usually contain a broad-spectrum antimicrobial (e.g., Taurolidine, gentamicin) or an anticoagulant such as citrate or heparin or a combination of both. Catheter-locking solutions are mainly used for central venous (frequently tunneled) catheters, especially for hemodialysis procedures and in some cancer treatments; they are mainly intended to avoid catheter related bacteremia, a serious blood infection. Alcohol solutions (e.g., ethyl or isopropyl alcohol) may be also used in some particular applications.
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