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Simulators designed for training in endoscopic diagnostic and therapeutic procedures performed in the bronchi. These simulators typically include an anatomic model resembling the characteristics of the bronchial tree that is capable of simulating coughing, breathing, and bleeding; the anatomic models are made of plastics, metal, or a combination of these. The equipment simulates the conditions for endoscopic procedures by providing access to entrances in the anatomic model resembling the body natural airways, permitting the use of flexible endoscopes, surgical instruments, cameras as well as the external use of video monitors. The simulator also includes a main control unit with dedicated software that permits both training and recording of the simulated endoscopic procedure in real time. Bronchial endoscopic training simulators may include as integral parts or attached modules and/or accessories intended for training in particular procedures, such as diagnostic, emergency, ultrasonic, and other interventional bronchial procedures.
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