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  • Leads designed to conduct electrical signals from the pulse generating unit of an electric stimulator into spinal cord electrodes (typically placed in the epidural space). These leads typically consist of flexible wires that are completely isolated except at the electrode tip that makes contact with the spine. Implantable spinal cord leads are directly attached to the spine electrodes; the electrodes may be percutaneously inserted needle-type electrodes or, less frequently, used paddle (also known as mini laminectomy) electrodes. The other end of the lead is attached to the stimulator (i.e., pulse generator) that is usually also implanted in the abdomen after a test period. The stimulators may use implantable batteries or external power through a radio system. A variety of single- and multiple-lead arrays is available; lead size, connector type, and other characteristics of the leads must be compatible with the pulse generator and the therapy prescribed. Spinal cord stimulation is mainly used for analgesic purposes, but can be used for other purposes such as muscle control.
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