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  • Modules designed to be used as a component of a physiologic monitor or other monitoring system, to acquire, measure, and process information related to the state of the central nervous system (i.e., level-of-consciousness) based on the calculus of entropy values during general anesthesia procedures. Entropy values are calculated as state entropy (SE) and response entropy (RE). The values of SE and RE are respectively based on: (1) continuously monitoring electrical signals generated by the brain and the associated electroencephalogram (EEG) and (2) frontal electromyographic (FEMG) signals taken from the frontal facial muscles. These modules contain electronic circuits or other technology designed to acquire and/or process a signal from one or more physiologic sensors (e.g., electrodes) and transmit it to the physiologic monitor, which contains the software with appropriate algorithms to calculate the entropy values of the signals. Level of consciousness monitors are mostly intended to help in the evaluation of the brain state changes (e.g., depth of anesthesia) in response to drug dose during surgery; their use may reduce the quantity of anesthetic agents required and accelerate the release of patients from the post anesthesia care units.
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