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Dynamometers designed to measure the force that can be exerted by the tongue and lips as the main orofacial muscles. These dynamometers consist of manual, handheld instruments that may include one or more of a variety of devices, such as: (1) sensors (e.g., pressure and/or strain gauges) associated to appropriate attachments such as mouthpieces, (2) dedicated plates where the force is exerted that are attached to electric transducers, (3) air filled bulbs attached to force transducers. Tongue and lip dynamometers are used to evaluate patient swallowing and speech capabilities, during orthodontic treatments, and for diagnosis and treatment progress assessment of other diseases causing orofacial muscle weakening.
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