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  • Plethysmographs designed for non-invasive measuring and recording data and graphics (i.e., a plethysmogram) of the volume and variations in volume of the limbs due to the presence and flow of blood in the peripheral vascular system. The primary techniques used are based on: (1) changes in volume or variations in the pulse volume waveform and amplitude (also known as segmental plethysmography); pulse volume recording (PVR) plethysmography; and pneumo plethysmography; (2) changes in the impedance (impedance plethysmography); (3) changes in the optical properties of tissues (photo plethysmography); (4) changes in pressure using a strain gauge transducer sensor. Other less common techniques are based on other parameters, such as capacitance and/or inductance variations. Dedicated plethysmographs intended for assessment of the blood volume and changes in the lower or upper limbs or both are also available.
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