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Machines designed to make a permanent marking on the skin with indelible ink. These machines are handheld devices that insert ink into the skin using one of a variety of different techniques, including manual injector-like devices and machines powered by electromagnetic coils or motors. Some machines include a mechanism that drives the needles which deliver the ink into the skin, regulating the needle depth, speed, and force of application. Machines based on other techniques (e.g., pneumatic) are also available. Tattooing machines are used in healthcare for reconstructive and/or cosmetic purposes, such as face and breast nipple areola reconstruction (e.g., after mastectomy); they are also used for permanent marking of patients under radiotherapy treatments.
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