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  • refers to the smaller, more caudal of two parts of the posterior cingulate cortex in the human and the macaque. The other component is the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex. Both are defined on the basis of multiple criteria including internal structure, connectivity, and function. The ventral part has two components: area v23 and area v31. They span the part of the posterior cingulate gyrus caudal to the splenium of the corpus callosum and the adjacent part of the precuneus. Its location and composition in the macaque are similar except that the macaque does not have an area v31 ( Vogt-2012 ). It may have partial equivalence to the cingulate/retrosplenial cortex of the rat ( Swanson-2004 ) and the mouse ( Hof-2000 ).
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