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  • Devices designed for the simultaneous determination in blood samples of (1) the relative amount of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin (O2Hb and HHb, respectively) by measuring light absorbance changes resulting from arterial blood flow pulsations and displaying the results as percent saturation of hemoglobin in arterial blood (SpO2) and (2) the percentages of total hemoglobin concentration (tHb) and hemoglobin derivates (co-oximetry) such as methemoglobin (blood with oxidized hemoglobin, SpMet), carboxyhemoglobin (blood with carbon monoxide content, COHb). The operation of these instruments is based in measuring the light intensity that passes through a blood sample at several different wavelengths (usually four or more). The wavelengths are selected either by a filter wheel (photometric technique) or a diffraction grating (spectrophotometric technique). From these measurements these instruments calculate oxygenation derivatives, including oxygen saturation, content, and capacity. In vitro oximeters/co-oximeters are used in central clinical laboratories, cardiac catheterization suites, surgical suites, and critical care units.
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